The Sonata is an allegory set in the Garden of Eden it deals with the Fall of Man and contains "God," "Lucifer," "Serpent," "Adam," and "Eve" themes.The Sonata is about the divine and the diabolical it is based on the Bible and on John Milton's Paradise Lost.The Sonata is autobiographical its musical contrasts spring from the conflicts within Liszt's own personality.The Sonata is a musical portrait of the Faust legend, with "Faust," "Gretchen," and "Mephistopheles" themes symbolizing the main characters.It has provoked a wide range of divergent theories from those of its admirers who feel compelled to search for hidden meanings. No other work of Liszt's has attracted anywhere near the amount of scholarly attention paid to the Sonata in B minor. However by the early stages of the twentieth century, the piece had become established as a pinnacle of Liszt's repertoire and has been a popularly performed and extensively analyzed piece ever since. It took a long time for the Sonata to become commonplace in concert repertoire, because of its technical difficulty and negative initial reception due to its status as "new" music. Otto Gumprecht of the German newspaper Nationalzeitung referred to it as "an invitation to hissing and stomping". However, the Sonata drew enthusiasm from Richard Wagner following a private performance of the piece by Karl Klindworth on April 5, 1855. Johannes Brahms reputedly fell asleep when Liszt performed the work in 1853, and it was also criticized by the pianist and composer Anton Rubinstein. It was attacked by Eduard Hanslick who said "anyone who has heard it and finds it beautiful is beyond help". The Sonata was published by Breitkopf & Härtel in 1854 and first performed on 27 January 1857 in Berlin by Hans von Bülow. Pianist and composer Clara Schumann did not perform the Sonata despite her marriage to Robert Schumann according to scholar Alan Walker she found it "merely a blind noise". A copy of the work arrived at Schumann's house in May 1854, after he had entered Endenich sanatorium. ![]() ![]() ![]() The Sonata was dedicated to Robert Schumann, in return for Schumann's dedication of his Fantasie in C major, Op.17 (published 1839) to Liszt. Liszt's life was established in Weimar and he was living a comfortable lifestyle, composing, and occasionally performing, entirely by choice rather than necessity. At this point in his life, Liszt's career as a traveling virtuoso had almost entirely subsided, as he had been influenced towards leading the life of a composer rather than a performer by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein almost five years earlier. Liszt noted on the sonata's manuscript that it was completed on 2 February 1853, but he had composed an earlier version by 1849.
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